Ultra-early grape varieties - an overview
Gardeners are mostly patient people, accustomed to waiting for years to harvest from their favorite plants on their site, regularly and patiently caring for them. After all, until the seedling gains strength and is able to give the first harvest, it takes more than one year. But when the plant is already bearing fruit, you want the berries or fruits to appear as soon as possible, which is why super-early grape varieties are so popular among gardeners. This article will tell you about the benefits of such grapes, as well as in it you will find descriptions of some of the popular and well-established varieties.
Content
Advantages of ultra-early varieties
According to their ripening period, grapes are divided into the following types:
- very early (up to 105 days);
- very early (105-115 days);
- early (115-120 days);
- medium early (120-125 days);
- medium (125-135 days);
- late (from 135 days).
The days of ripening are counted from the moment the central buds open in the eyes of the grape bush. However, the ripening period is a relative value and depends on the average air temperature per day. The optimum temperature for ripening grape bunches is from +2 to +32. If the weather is colder or, conversely, rises higher, then the berries will sing longer. Moreover, low temperatures are less dangerous than heat, in which the fruits not only ripen later, but also become less sweet.
The ripening period is a relative value and depends on the average air temperature per day.
Therefore, it is necessary to be guided by the weather conditions on average per season, and the ripening period should be used to calculate irrigation, fertilization or spraying.
It is also worth noting that if the air temperature drops below +20 degrees Celsius, the ripening process slows down significantly. Saturation of the bush with moisture is also important - with insufficient watering, the fruits may not ripen at all.
Very early grape varieties attract winegrowers primarily by the fact that they require a low amount of active temperatures (that is, a small number of warm sunny days), so they will fully ripen even in the middle lane, despite the rather cool and short summer.
Another advantage is the ability, due to its early maturity, to avoid most of the problems associated with fungal diseases, the most dangerous of which is mildew. Indeed, by the time this fungus is activated, the crop has been harvested, and gardeners have the opportunity to use more powerful drugs in the fight against infection, thereby leaving no chance for the disease.
Also, the very early, due to the huge reserve of time, do not have problems with the ripening of the vine and the accumulation of nutrients for wintering.
It is also important that the first harvest of the new year can always be sold at a good price, therefore, gardeners often grow such varieties for sale.
Overview of varieties
Superearly seedless
Superearly seedless grapes ripen 80-85 days. It appeared as a result of crossing of two hybrids Magarach 417 and Magarach 653. Even by the standards of early-growing species, it requires an insignificant amount of active temperatures - only 1800 degrees Celsius.
Breeding scheme for ultra-early seedless grapes
Superearly is considered medium-sized - the bushes grow up to 1.5 meters in height, with abundant deciduous cover. Bunches ripen large, up to 400 g each. The density is average.The grapes are medium in size, slightly elongated. The color is white with some golden tone, and the skin is thin. The fruit is juicy, with dense pulp and pitted (as reflected in the name).
Seedless has a high yield due to the fact that more than 70% of all shoots bear fruit, in addition, it can bear fruit on stepsons ripening by the end of August.
Seedless has a high yield due to the fact that more than 70% of all shoots bear fruit.
Suffers from crop overload, so you should not leave more than 25-30 shoots on the bush. The excess should be cut off, leaving 3-4 buds for the next year.
Seedless has an average winter hardiness, but with the right cover it can grow in the middle lane. Impervious to soil. Grapes are weakly resistant to the main fungal diseases, therefore, they require regular preventive treatments.
Timur (Cucumber)
Timur is the result of the labors of Russian breeders on crossing Frumoas Albe and Delight. Also known as Cucumber (due to the original shape of the berries). Ripening period - 95-105 days.
Possesses increased productivity (fruiting by 95% of all shoots). A mature bunch reaches an average weight of 600 g. Grapes with a thin skin, beautiful amber or white, conical pointed shape, quite dense, with a nutmeg aroma, sweet (up to 25% sugar).
Timur is picky about soils - he gives good yields on light, well-aerated soils. Heavy soils and high humidity reduce yields, while the berries become tasteless, but when fully ripe, they are again saturated with sugar.
Timur is picky about soils - he gives good yields on light, well-aerated soils.
Self-fertile, can be oppressed by neighboring vigorous species, so you need to choose the right landing site. Differs in early fruiting - the crop can be removed already for 2-3 years. Each shoot carries 2-3 clusters. The variety is prone to overload, therefore it needs regular pruning of the vine by 6-8 eyes.
Timur is a covering variety that tolerates frosts down to -25 degrees. It is also rarely affected by most fungal diseases, except for oidium, the fungus of which can successfully develop on fruits and foliage. In addition, the grapes are affected by the felt mite. Sulfur treatments can be successfully applied against these pests.
The berries tolerate long-term transportation well, keeping their excellent presentation.
The very early elegant
Very early elegant - hybrid with a ripening period of 100-110 days. Obtained by crossing Frumoas Albe and Rapture. Possesses low and weak growth force.
The bunches have a large cylindro-conical shape, weighing up to 500 g. The fruits are large, light green or white. The flesh of the berries is fleshy, tender, with a nutmeg aftertaste. Sugar content is not less than 25%. The thin skin of the fruit has a dense structure and is a reliable protection from damage and from most parasitic pests.
To increase the mass of bunches, it is advisable to keep no more than 18 shoots per bush. The vine is cut into 6-8 buds.
Gardeners recommend planting Elegant in the southern regions, but with proper care, you can get high yields of this culture to the north. Elegant belongs to the covering frost-resistant varieties, it can withstand temperatures up to -25 degrees with dignity. The bushes successfully resist gray mold and mildew, as well as most other fungal diseases. Long-term presence of fruits on the bushes will not lead to a loss of taste and presentation. After grafting on a vigorous rootstock, you can cause an increase in the size of the berries and the grape bunch itself.
Very early red nutmeg
Created by Moldovan breeders. It takes 95-100 days to ripen. You can start cleaning from the second decade of July.
Red nutmeg has medium vigor. The bunches have a cylindrical shape, average density and weight up to 600 g. The berries are rather large (up to 5 g), have a slightly oval shape, with a dense skin.As they mature, they change color from red to rich purple with a clear nutmeg aftertaste. Sugar content 15-20%.
The peculiarity of Muscat is that it is not damaged by insects (wasps). One bunch ripens on the shoot. Ripe fruits can be located on bunches for 2 months without losing their presentation. Medium vine pruning - no more than 8 buds.
The peculiarity of Muscat is that insects do not damage it.
Red nutmeg has a high frost resistance down to -23 degrees. However, for safety, before the onset of frost, it must be covered. Muscat is highly resistant to fungal infections such as powdery mildew, mildew and gray mold. The size of the berries depends on the accumulation of old wood - the older the grape bush in your garden, the larger they will be.
Superearly Cicatricial
The ripening period for this grape is 95-100 days. Bred by the head of the Saratov OPKh Vera Vasilievna Rubtsova.
The bushes have a strong growth force. Bunches weighing up to 600 g. Berries are black, round in shape, weighing up to 5 g. The pulp is juicy, covered with a thin delicate skin. Sugar accumulation - 23%.
High-yielding. Bunches, ripening in the second decade of July, can hang on the bush until December. It should be noted that the fruits do not suffer from damage to birds and wasps.
The grapes are frost-resistant, able to withstand air temperatures down to -24 degrees. It has also established itself as highly resistant to fungal diseases.
By planting it on your site, you will always reap a decent harvest.
Olympiad
It will take 100-115 days to ripen the Olympiada variety. Obtained by crossing Yakidon and Saba Pearls.
The bushes are vigorous. Bunches of cylindrical shape of medium size and weighing up to 250 g. Berries are green, round or slightly oval in shape. The pulp of the fruit is juicy, quite fleshy, containing no more than 2-3 seeds. The taste is pleasant, delicate, with a light unobtrusive nutmeg aroma. The fruits have a thin and very delicate skin, as a result of which they are often damaged by wasps and birds.
Productivity is closer to average and depends on weather and climate conditions. Feels good in the southern regions, however, due to its high winter hardiness, it can grow to the north. The variety is practically not affected by gray rot, however, there are problems with mildew, however, due to early ripening, this disease does not have time to damage the crop.
Olympiada is distinguished by unpretentious care and high adaptive performance, which is why it is so appreciated by gardeners.
Video "Caring for fruiting grape bushes"
This video will tell you how to properly care for a fruiting grape bush.
Very early grape varieties make it possible to enjoy juicy berries already in the middle of summer, in addition, they are resistant to fungal diseases, thanks to which they have earned popular love and respect. However, grapes require constant attention: watering, pruning, fertilizing, spraying are necessary companions for high and regular yields.