How and what is the correct pruning of garden shrubs

Types of tools

So that pruning of garden trees and berry bushes does not seriously harm the state of your crops and is as comfortable as possible for you, you should use a high-quality cutting tool. The pruner is essential for proper pruning. If you are the owner of a young garden, then at first it will be enough. In order to rejuvenate trees and shrubs, sawing branches that are more than 50 millimeters thick, we recommend purchasing a garden saw. Another name for it is a garden hacksaw. To carry out the planned actions in hard-to-reach places, inside the bushes, we advise you to have a delimber on the farm.

The requirements for working tools that will be used for pruning fruit bushes are not complicated. They must be sharp enough to get even cuts. Safety and comfort during operation are important. The pruner or lopper should have tapered ends to help reach branches that are too far and high. With their own low weight, the tools must be able to withstand any force. The handle should not be slippery to the touch, preferably.

Branches are cut with pruning shears up to 25 millimeters. There are two types of them - the bypass blade has a convex blade that slides over the surface of the concave one, the pruner with an anvil has a wedge-shaped working blade with double-sided sharpening, works on the principle of an ax. The secateurs of the first type are recommended for cutting living wood, the second - for dried branches. The long handles create a lever that allows you to cut tall branches without a ladder.

What are the pruning schemes

There are several main types of pruning of horticultural crops - formative, regulating, rejuvenating, restorative. Pruning is also carried out in case of detection of diseases, freezing of branches. The main task of pruning shrubs, regardless of its types, is to increase productivity or decorativeness, to maintain horticultural crops in a healthy state.

Sanitary pruning is a simple undertaking. Sanitary pruning is being carried out in order to make the trees healthier. It does not require a lot of knowledge or experience to carry it out. When carrying out sanitary pruning, it is necessary to remove dried, damaged, incorrectly located branches - which intersect or form an angle. When carrying out sanitary pruning, shoots that interfere with the leader and skeletal branches are also removed.

Supportive pruning is necessary to keep the plants from growing vigorously. Pruning trees and shrubs of this type is relevant for fast-growing crops. It is necessary to remove old and non-flowering branches to rejuvenate the plants. Other types of pruning will require certain skills and knowledge.

Formative or structural pruning is done to create a beautiful and durable crown. You need to think about what you want to get in the end - tiered leader, leaderless, weeping, and so on.Pinching of non-lignified tops is carried out to contain unnecessary shoot growth during the period of slowing down their growth.

Continuous pruning or shearing is carried out without taking into account individual branches, you need to cut off the tops. Cutting is carried out with garden shears or a trimmer to give the plant the intended shape. This creates a dense surface for beautiful hedges. The technique is used in topiary art, and to remove no longer flowering shoots. A solid image is less common than other species, helps to care for berry bushes and dwarf shrubs. Cut to 1/3 of the annual growth, resulting in decorative green pillows.

Among the types of pruning, rejuvenating or restorative is distinguished. It activates the growth of crops by the emergence of new shoots, correction of crown defects, and treatment of damage. In the course of the process, thick branches are also removed. They leave the base and skeletal branches on which buds appear and later new shoots form. Among all types of pruning, this one is carried out for an adult garden. Correct pruning of fruit shrubs will help to improve crops, make them beautiful and get a high yield.

Video "Cutting shrubs according to all the rules"

Pruning in winter and spring

In winter, pruning of the garden is carried out in December - February. During this period, the trees are dormant. In winter, crown pruning does not seriously affect the state of the crops. The advantages of removing excess branches in winter are called the ease in cutting off the frozen crown and an increase in the quality of the cut - in contrast to spring or summer. The absence of leaves will help to consider the state of the crown, determine the degree of processing and choose the right tools. What is more difficult to do in summer or spring. You can work using a stepladder to reach the top.

In spring, the procedure is carried out in late March - early April. This is a favorable time for the artificial formation of the crown. The winter period is already over, but the cultures are still dormant. Before carrying out the procedure, it is important to pay attention to the behavior and changes in the weather. Sometimes work should start closer to the first days of March, sometimes - in mid-April. Summer pruning is easier - during this period it is most often warm, the likelihood of frost is excluded. If the spring pruning was carried out correctly, then the bush will be normally formed in the summer. That is, by the summer period, it will be evenly covered with inflorescences.

Works in the fall

In the fall, the formation of the crown occurs by artificial pruning. In the fall, work is planned for late October - early November.

In autumn, processing should be carried out in a gentle mode. It is from careful processing of crops in the fall, and not summer pruning, that a good harvest depends. In the fall, shoots affected by fungal infections are removed. In the fall, shoots of berry bushes and fruit trees that have dried up in summer are harvested. In the fall, work will require knowledge and experience. Gardeners themselves choose whether to prune in the fall or in the winter-spring period. Experts insist that it is important to carry out the pruning procedure at all stages of the development of horticultural crops - in autumn, in winter and other periods of the year.

Video "Pruning shrubs from A to Z"

From this video you will learn how to properly and quickly prune any shrubs or fruit trees without damaging their structure.