Features of Floribunda rose varieties

Main characteristics

There are several opinions about what a Floribunda rose is and about the authorship of this selection. It is believed that the first varieties were obtained at the beginning of the 20th century by Peter Lambert from crossing polyanthus roses with tea roses. According to other sources, around the same time, Danish breeder Poulsen also crossed polyanthus roses with hybrid tea roses, resulting in hybrid-polyanthous varieties, which were then used to cross with other hybrid forms, in particular musk roses. However, such as we are used to seeing Floribunda roses today, they were bred by the American breeder Eugene Berner more than 40 years ago, for which he was unofficially awarded the title "Father of Floribunda".

Currently, the Floribunda group is numbered in hundreds of varieties, among which there are undersized curbs (up to 40 cm), medium height (up to 80 cm), as well as tall garden hybrids over 1 meter. All roses are completely different in height, flowering period, shape and color of the buds. But there are characteristic features inherent only in Floribunda roses - this is an elegant bud, like a tea rose, and lush inflorescences literally sheltering the bush, inherited from polyanthus varieties.

Floribunda roses are practically not afraid of frost, and if they do freeze during a harsh winter, they quickly recover and resume flowering. Caring for them is simplified by the fact that the bushes do not need to be treated with anything, since they inherited excellent immunity against diseases from their "parents" - polyanthus roses. And yet, the main advantage of roses is the high decorative effect of flowers and bushes in general.

Roses bloom in waves several times per season. Depending on the varietal characteristics, the buds are of different sizes (4-8 cm in diameter). The flowers are cupped or goblet-shaped, they can be double, double or simple. The color of the buds has a wide color palette, and there are even several varieties of striped color (Purple Tiger, Tiger Tail).

Floribunda roses are characterized by multiple inflorescences, because of which sometimes doubts arise - what are these, polyanthus roses or is it Floribunda?

Indeed, both of them bloom with inflorescences, but the buds of Floribunda roses are more like a tea rose. The huge variety of varieties allows roses to be used to decorate any territory and space. They look great along paths, walls, fences, in the center of a flower bed, in a beautiful pot and as a single bush.

Video "Queen of the Flower Bed - Floribunda"

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Landing

Growing a Floribunda rose is not difficult at all. Her agricultural technology is simple, and the roses themselves are unpretentious and tenacious. The main thing is to choose high-quality planting material and plant the seedlings correctly in the soil. Floribunda rose reproduces well by cuttings and grafting on the stock.It is the grafted seedlings that are offered in nurseries and specialized stores. When purchasing them, give preference to specimens with a closed root system (in pots) - they take root easier and faster. A more economical option is self-cultivation from a cuttings. Cutting for these roses is convenient because the cuttings can be cut from stiff shoots, and immediately planted in a permanent place.

The grown seedlings are planted in the ground at the end of May, cuttings - in June. For the southern regions, autumn planting is possible from mid-September to the end of October, but in regions with a temperate and northern climate, planting in autumn is rarely successful, so you should not risk it.

Seedlings in containers can be planted throughout the summer. Like all roses, Floribundas prefer sunny areas without wind and drafts. As for the soil, there are no special requirements, the main thing is that the soil is not heavy and swampy.

All fertilizers and soil components can be applied directly to the planting pit. The substrate in which the rose will feel perfect is prepared as follows: peat, humus and sand (1 bucket each), fine clay (0.5 buckets), bone meal and superphosphate (a handful) are mixed with half of the earth taken out of the pit , after which it is used for planting seedlings.

The landing itself is carried out as follows:

• a pit 40x40 cm in size is dug up to a depth of half a meter;
• the bottom of the pit is watered abundantly with water;
• soil mixture is poured into the pit by a third;
• the seedling is placed vertically in the center of the planting pit;
• if the roots are open, they need to be straightened - the plant removed from the pot should not be touched;
• cover the seedling with soil evenly, periodically compacting, make sure that the root collar (grafting site) is buried 3-4 cm in the soil;
• water the plant around the bush (not at the root);
• as soon as the water is absorbed, cover the near-trunk circle with mulch (peat, sawdust, fine gravel, expanded clay).

When planting in groups, seedlings must be planted at the following distance from each other: undersized roses - 50 cm, medium height - 70-80 cm, high - at a distance of 1-1.2 m.

Pruning

The formative pruning of Floribunda roses has some peculiarities. Since all varieties are very different, there are no uniform recommendations for pruning - it all depends on the condition of the plant, its shape, height and other characteristics. It is important to understand that strong pruning can weaken the bush and delay flowering for a long time, while light pruning leads to the appearance of excess growth, so you need to observe the measure in everything.

For bushes, two main pruning is required: in spring and autumn, but since most Floribunda varieties bloom in waves 3-4 times per season, it makes sense for them to also carry out summer pruning. Spring pruning is considered the main thing for these roses, as it affects the formation of the bush and the formation of buds. It should be carried out immediately after removing the shelter, before the buds have time to blossom. Spring pruning is of three types: strong (1-2 buds remain), medium (4-5 buds) and weak (up to 8 buds).

There are several rules that must be followed for spring pruning:

• all shoots frozen and damaged under the shelter are removed;
• for successful flowering, it is enough to leave 3-5 of the strongest and largest shoots in the bush;
• all healthy branches are pruned depending on the height of the bush (on average 20-30 cm), but patio roses can be pruned almost near the ground - they grow very quickly;
• the processes directed inward are removed - the buds located outside the bush provide a beautiful crown.

  

  

  

When deciding on the intensity of pruning, remember that weak pruning ensures earlier flowering (in June), with strong pruning, flowering will have to wait until August, or even September, and in order to achieve multiple flowering of the bush, the tops are pruned in the summer between flowering by just a few centimeters.

Shelter

Despite the good winter hardiness of roses, in the climates of northern latitudes and the middle zone, they need shelter for the winter. Before covering the roses, you must carry out the following preparatory measures:

• completely remove all diseased and damaged branches from the bush;
• remove wilted leaves, inflorescences from the remaining healthy shoots, collect everything from the ground and burn;
• cut the stems to a height of 40 cm (half-grown varieties);
• since it will be humid and warm under the shelter, the shoots will need protection from fungi and pest larvae, therefore, for prevention purposes, the stems should be treated with a 1% solution of Bordeaux liquid or 3% solution of ferrous sulfate;
• spud each bush with earth by 20-30 cm;
• protect the roots - pour peat under the bushes or cover with spruce branches.

In snowy and not very frosty winters, hilling and sheltering with organic matter will be enough, but if there is no snow, and the frosts are strong, then the roses must be additionally covered with non-woven material. Since the stems of most varieties of Floribunda are erect, a frame should be built for shelter, on which then the covering material should be pulled.

The most famous varieties

Floribunda roses have long been very popular with flower growers and simple summer residents, therefore, over the years, it has been possible to identify several of the most famous and often planted varieties:

1. Rumba. An amazing rose that changes color over time: first, the petals are yellow with a red edging, and then they turn carmine red. Blooms continuously from late June to late autumn. The flowers are medium (5-7 cm), collected in a brush of 10-15 pieces. The bushes are compact, the leaves are very dense, decorative.
2. Leonardo da Vinci. Continuously flowering variety with bright leaves and bright pink buds. Bushes of medium height (70-100 cm), flowers are densely double, very fragrant, growing singly or collected in small (3-5 pieces) inflorescences.
3. Iceberg. A popular worldwide variety with semi-double snow-white buds. The bush is low (up to 70 cm), during flowering (June - September) it looks very decorative, as it is densely covered with flowers, collected in inflorescences of 3-5 pieces.
4. Nina Weibull. An old, but still very popular variety. The flowers are dark red, semi-double, small (up to 6 cm), collected in 3-10 pieces in inflorescences. Bushes are compact (up to 70 cm), densely leafy.
5. Freesia. A gorgeous rose of golden yellow or lemon color. Buds are large (up to 8 cm), semi-double, beautiful refined shape, collected in 3-5 pieces. The variety is resistant to weather conditions, flowers do not fade and retain their original appearance for a long time.

New varieties

You should not ignore the new hybrids, bred literally in recent years by American breeders. These are completely different typical forms, which in their characteristics belong to Floribunda, but differ in appearance. These hybrids are Spray Roses, Flora Tea Roses, Mini Flora and Patio Roses.

Spray roses are highly decorative. They are characterized by a bouquet type of inflorescences - when several buds on long stems are located on one shoot. This type is very often used in wedding bouquets to create original compositions. In the garden, they look just great, since the bushes are compact and low: Tamango variety - 40-45 cm, Mandarin and Lydia - up to 60 cm.

Flora tea roses are special in that the inflorescences are formed not on the main shoots, but on each individual young shoot, due to which the bush is completely covered with buds. Patio roses are especially original. These are low-growing plants with small bright leaves, and rather large multiple inflorescences. The maximum height of these roses is 50 cm, which allows them to be used for framing compositions, and planted in a pot as a gift option.

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