How and when to plant onions before winter
Content
Suitable varieties
In order to properly plant onions before winter, you need to decide on a dry and sunny place in the garden. It is good to plant onions after crops such as potatoes, tomatoes, legumes. When you decide to plant onions before winter, we advise you to prefer such spicy varieties as Stuttgarter or Centurion. Bessonovsky, Odintsovets, Skvirsky, Spassky, Pogarsky, Danilovsky, Strigunovsky varieties are also suitable.
Nigella is the name for onion seeds, from which the set is obtained. They are often sown before winter, covered with a film or non-woven cloth. Chernushki well grown such varieties: Stuttgarter, Bessonovsky, Strigunovsky. Shallots are planted in the fall for an early feather. The winter shallots can be harvested at least 2 weeks earlier than the earliest onions. Batun, like shallots, is grown for the sake of a feather, its seeds are sown in the fall, and in the spring it is quite possible to transplant to another place, it perfectly tolerates transplants. Batun is not only a healthy vegetable, it perfectly decorates the garden with its family greens.
Depending on the size of the bulb, the varieties can be divided into the following groups - the first (the bulb reaches a diameter of up to one and a half cm), the second (up to three cm), the third (more than three cm) and oatmeal (bulbs with a non-standard size , the diameter is about one cm). The best onion grows if you plant the first type of onion or wild oat before winter.
It is recommended to plant such sets at a depth of about 2 - 3 cm in special grooves. In order to get an early green feather, we recommend planting sets belonging to the second group before winter. When in the summer it turns into arrows, then it will not be possible to wait for a turnip from it. Not so long ago, special varieties of winter onions appeared, such as Radar, Shakespeare, Kip-Well. You can plant several varieties, if there is such an opportunity, so that when you do this next season, you can already accurately choose the variety that suits you - in taste, germination, resistance to winter conditions, the complexity of care during the ripening of the crop.
Time to board
It is customary to plant onions in the same way as garlic, when the first frost has not yet come. The optimal temperature for planting onions before winter is the end of the last month of autumn. For planting onions before winter, zoned varieties have proven themselves best, the dormant period of which is the second half of December - the first half of January. You should not take southern varieties for planting before winter.
When choosing the timing of planting a crop, it is necessary to look at the weather forecast for your region. When the onion is planted correctly and on time in the way before winter, it will quickly and well be able to root on the site. As a rule, gardeners recommend planting this crop before winter when bulbous flowers such as daffodils and tulips are planted.Sevka bulbs are difficult to preserve until spring as they can dry out. Therefore, they are in a hurry to plant them in the ground before winter. It is in the ground that the seedlings can have a great winter and in late July - early August will give a large harvest of turnip onions.
Blackies are sown at the end of autumn, but before frost, while there is still moisture in the soil. In general, all the onions are sown before winter or planted in a period when all work in the garden has already been completed, and the beds are prepared in advance. After harvesting potatoes, tomatoes and cabbage, the garden is dug up and fertilized, it can be compost or humus, onions do not like fresh manure. Such prepared beds rest until the end of autumn, and then Stuttgarter and other chernushki, batun and shallots are planted or sown in them. Stuttgarter grows well in beds after legumes, cucumbers and potatoes.
Technique
Before planting, the sets must be sorted. It is best to do this in dense material or cardboard, where a hole is made about a centimeter in size. Any bulbs that can pass through it must be set aside for planting. To get a good harvest, it is recommended to process the onions before planting with a warm, weak solution of copper sulfate.
And so that the vegetable does not start up the arrows, you need to lower the bulbs for a minute in water having a temperature of about 60 degrees. There is a more modern way - to wrap the bulbs in a cloth, put them in a glass vessel and heat them for about two minutes in the microwave, after which they are treated with a growth stimulant.
When the planting material has already been selected, holes must be made on the prepared plot of land, the depth of which should not exceed 4 cm.If the onion is planted higher, then with the onset of spring it will bulge out of the ground. The distance between the rows should be about 20 cm. After planting the bulb, the soil should be repaired. Since winter is different in each region, it is necessary to take into account the weather conditions in your own. If there is a lot of snow and it will not melt for a long time, then this will be an excellent help for getting a good harvest of onions in this season.
If the winter is little snow, then after planting the soil must be mulched with a layer of humus or peat, the thickness of which will be approximately 2 cm.
In this case, the earth will not lose moisture, and the seedlings will root well. With the approach of the first frost on the beds, we advise you to sketch out foliage or spread straw. When spring comes, the ground will thaw, and all this flooring will need to be removed from the garden. Before the leaves appear, it will be possible to feed the soil with fertilizer in the form of fermented manure or bird droppings. Shallots are planted deeply, 10 cm, moreover, its neck should be covered with 2-3 cm of soil. It is good to leave a large distance between the bulbs - 8-10 cm, so that later you do not bother them and allow the families of this kuschevka onion to grow.
Nigella is laid to a depth of 3-4 cm (during spring sowing, they are not lowered deeper than 2-3 cm at all), they can be sown thickly, and in spring, with the appearance of the first leaves, carefully cut through. The first time you need to pluck the bulbs so that there are 2-3 m left between them - the first vitamins will fall on the table, and the remaining plants will be able to grow the bulbs.
After the second thinning, 5-8 cm should remain between them. And if any variety (for example, Stuttgarter) is grown for bulbs, then up to 10 cm. The onion is planted with the onset of frosts down to -3o. It is sown shallowly by 2-3 cm, there should be a distance of 2-3 cm between the seeds, and up to 20 cm is left between the rows. After sowing the trampoline, the soil is compacted, and from above it is mulched with humus or peat. The tramp should germinate only in spring, if it happens in winter, the onion will simply freeze. And in April, to accelerate growth, you can cover it with a film or agricultural canvas.
Watering and fertilizing
It is important for every gardener to know that onions are a crop that, after planting, really needs regular and sufficient watering.This is especially true in the first two and a half months after planting - May, June and the first half of July. In order to prevent the appearance of such a nuisance as downy mildew, it is strictly forbidden to water the area with too cold water, the temperature of which does not exceed 18 degrees. Watering the plot where the onions were planted before winter can and should be stopped only 15 - 20 days before the start of harvesting. Weeds should not be allowed to appear, which can create unnecessary moisture and ideal conditions for the development of fungal diseases.
They should be removed from wet soil. If the onion grows in unweathered beds, then it will be very poorly stored. Every couple of weeks, you need to loosen the soil, especially the period after watering and rains. Thus, it is possible to ensure normal air access to the roots of the plant. At a time when the crop begins its growing season, it needs several additional fertilizing, which are made with special phosphorus-potassium fertilizers. They will become faithful helpers of the root crop in the matter of ripening and subsequent normal storage. The first time fertilizers are applied when the leaves grow poorly. The second feeding is recommended to be done 12-15 days after the first one. It is also good to carry out prevention of possible fungal diseases.
To do this, 1 teaspoon of copper sulfate is diluted in 10 liters of water. Copper oxychloride can also be used. This solution should be applied to the leaves by spraying. If you choose varieties suitable for your area for planting before winter, correctly calculate the planting time of the crop, plant it, adhering to all generally accepted rules, and also carry out timely watering and fertilization, then you can expect a good harvest.
Batun loves sandy loam or loamy soil with humus, abundant watering and loosening. After the appearance of 3-4 leaves, it must be fed with rotted manure and mineral fertilizers after watering or simultaneously with it. Shallots also love moisture and loosening of row spacings. During the season, you need to make 2-3 abundant watering and several dressings. Fertilize shallots with diluted mullein or chicken droppings, you can add a complex mineral-organic fertilizer instead.
Stuttgarter grows well if it is weeded and fed with complex fertilizer during the period of intensive growth, this is approximately until the beginning of July, and then watering and feeding is stopped. As soon as the leafy part begins to turn yellow and lay on the ground, it is time to harvest the Stuttgarter onions, otherwise the leaves will begin to rot, and the bulb will immediately rot behind them.
Nigella, grown for sevka, are fed quite a bit after thinning, watered with mullein or slurry diluted in water. But many gardeners believe that chernushki grow well without top dressing. It is the autumn sowing of onions that can provide early vitamin greens, for this it is worth the risk, especially since you can cover plantings and crops with peat or hay.
Video "Rules for planting onions for the winter"
The record shows which varieties of onions you need to choose if you are going to plant onions for the winter and how to properly plant and care for them.