Cherry planting rules in spring
Cherry is a widespread fruit tree throughout Europe. She perfectly tolerates the cold, lives for a long time. And with proper care, it will give a rich harvest. So, you have the ability and desire to plant a cherry orchard. But they never did gardening. Where do you start? Let's sort it out in order
Preparing for landing
What factors should be taken into account?
It is necessary to start laying out the garden by choosing a place. Cherry is a perennial fruit plant that lives for about 15 years. Therefore, when choosing a site, it is necessary to take into account age characteristics. The tree will grow. Will fences or buildings interfere with him? What kind of lighting will there be? What kind of soil? (We will talk about the soil below). Will there be other trees nearby? All factors need to be carefully considered.
What do you need to know about varieties?
The site has been selected. Time to buy seedlings. There are many varieties of these fruits. Here you need to build on the climate where they will grow. For the center of Russia, the north of Ukraine, it is necessary to choose frost-resistant varieties. Here they bear fruit well: Nezyabkaya, Nizhnekamskaya, Stoicaya, Shokoladnitsa.
Average frost resistance is suitable for warmer regions: Bagryanaya, Vladimirskaya, Volochaevka, Zhukovskaya.
If you live in the Moscow region, then you need to choose varieties that are resistant to fungal infection: Diamond, Generous, Toy, Crystal, Molodezhnaya, Vstrecha, Shubinka, and others.
In the Urals, sandy soils are also taken into account. The following breeds are most suitable here: Bolotovskaya, Plamennaya, Standard of the Urals, Ashinskaya, Mayak.
The harsh Siberian climate is poorly tolerated by ordinary plant varieties. Therefore, special ones have been bred for Siberia, which have proven themselves excellent: Altai early, Blizzard, Altai large, Vuzovskaya, Shadrinskaya, Maksimovskaya, Altai swallow, and others. These varieties are also unique in that they are suitable for other regions where ordinary cherries bear poor fruit.
Which place is better to choose?
These trees need good lighting. Therefore, give preference to the south side. Make sure no other plants are shading them. It is normal if there is a fence or a wooden structure nearby (taking into account the growth!). In winter, snow will accumulate here, which acts as "insulation".
What to look for when buying seedlings?
First of all, carefully examine the roots. They must be healthy, free from damage, insects. Better to take 1-2-year-old trees, grafted with a cuttings. If they are 3-4 years old, then the cherry will begin to bear fruit a little later.
It's okay if the cherry is purchased in the fall for the spring planting. Then dig a furrow 35 cm deep. At an angle of 30-40 degrees, lay the trees with their roots down, crown to the south. Cover with earth, directly to the side shoots. Tamp and pour thoroughly. Cover the crown with spruce branches to protect it from freezing and damage by rodents.
How to choose a pick up time
When planting cherries, climatic conditions are taken into account. For southern, warm regions, an autumn planting is suitable. October is the best time for the month when the first frosts come.
September is suitable for a temperate climate (middle band). In the fall, seedlings will take root here better.
In areas with severe weather (Siberia, Urals), cherry trees are planted exclusively in spring.Local varieties successfully overwinter at 40 degrees below zero.
What should be the soil
Ideal soil for cherry trees - sandy loam, neutral reaction, wavy relief... Groundwater must be deep. The land must be carefully prepared. In the fall, it is fertilized with minerals for spring planting.
Both organic and chemical fertilizers are required. The site is covered with a thick layer of manure (up to 15 kg. - 1 sq. Km.) Then phosphorus preparations are introduced (simple superphosphate, phosphate rock, double superphosphate). Also potash fertilizers (potassium sulfate, potassium salt, potassium chloride). 100 grams of each type. Nitrogen chemicals are excluded at this stage. Because in spring it can burn the roots of the plant.
In acidic soil, cherries do not take root well. Therefore, such a soil is lime, adding about 600 grams of lime. The lime mass depends on the acidity level.
Landing technology
How to plant cherries?
The video at the end of the recording describes a very good method of planting cherries, which residents of the Moscow region themselves often use.
In April, as soon as the snow has melted, you can start planting the plant. The weather should be warm, dry and calm. The plot for seedlings is leveled. All trees are carefully examined. If damaged parts have appeared during the winter, remove until healthy tissue appears.
Decide how many trees you plan to plant to calculate the distance in your garden. The optimum is 3 meters between each. Between the rows - 3.5 meters.
Cherry planting scheme in spring
Planting pit preparation
The approximate size of the pit is 60x60x60 centimeters. With a strong deepening, the root system is difficult to develop. With superficial - overheating of the roots occurs in summer, and in winter - freezing.
Dig holes a month before planting to ventilate the earth. Fertilized and lower soil layers are thrown on different sides. A meter-long wooden stake must be driven into the central part of the pit. It will serve as a support for a weak tree.
Planting seedlings
The pit is fertilized with 15 kilograms of manure. Phosphate fertilizers 300 grams, potash - 80 grams. Instead of potassium, you can use half a kilogram of ash.
An earthen mound of about 50 centimeters is formed around the support. A seedling is placed on it, spreading the roots along the surface of the soil. They fill up the hole, trampling the ground well. Then the seedling needs to be watered abundantly. For this, a hole is formed around it. About 3 buckets of room temperature water is enough for one plant.
Watered soil is covered with earth. The tree is tied to a support so that it is not swayed by the wind. If everything is done correctly and with heart, then in 2-3 years fruiting will begin. And for 4-5 years, expect a rich harvest.
Cherry Planting Video
The video shows the technological process of planting cherry trees. The method described on the recording is often used by residents of the Moscow region.