Walnut: description and popular varieties

Description

Walnut is a massive tree with a developed root system. Trees usually grow with a dense, branched crown. The foliage is green, mostly oval in shape.

The fruits are dry drupes that have a strong shell. Usually, you have to make a lot of effort to peel ripe nuts, and use special nut crackers. On top of the drupe there are dense plyuski - this is a vegetable shell that feeds the fetus with the necessary substances. After the fruits ripen, the plyus dry up and exfoliate.

Depending on the varieties, the nuts are small, medium and large. But also the shape of the fruit can be very different: round, oval, flattened, elliptical. The shell is smooth, with fine pores. There are small depressions and bumps on the surface.

Trees love warm climates and moisture, but with proper care they can yield good yields in the middle lane. Walnut thrives best in the southern regions. In the middle lane, it is better to grow early-ripening varieties so that the fruits have time to fully ripen before the cold snap. The optimum temperature for nut growth is from 20 degrees (in spring and summer) and above.

It is not difficult to grow walnuts in the Moscow region, the main thing is to choose varieties that can resist the cold well. In the northern regions, not every nut variety will be able to take root, and even more so to bring a rich harvest.

Video "Description"

From the video you will learn many interesting facts about the walnut.

How to plant a tree

Gardeners often wonder if walnuts can be grown in the middle lane. Of course, with proper planting and proper care, you can grow a tree that will yield a good harvest every year.

Much depends on the type of nut itself. It is advisable to choose the most unpretentious types of walnuts. Green nuts are best for this. Now it is the most common species, it is easy to grow, they bear many fruits, are good for the body, and are also well stored.

Any type of soil is suitable for growing - black soil, sandy loam or loamy. If the tree is well received and its root system develops, then it can get enough nutrients from the deeper layers of the soil. Additional feeding will be desirable if the soil is not fertile. For a young walnut in the early years, this measure is even mandatory.

Before planting, the owners must make sure that there are no heavy salts and acidic substances in the ground. Otherwise, it is necessary to carry out processing with slaked lime to make the soil suitable for planting walnuts. Before planting, the seedling must be placed in a bucket of water so that the plant is saturated with moisture. In a few days it will be possible to plant it in the ground.

There is nothing difficult in planting a nut. First you need to dig a deep hole - at least one meter deep and half a meter wide.The large size is needed in order to immediately place the root system deeper, as this is important for its nutrition, and the tree will take less time to root well. If the seedlings have dry or damaged roots, they must be removed. Then half a bucket of water is poured into the pit and a seedling is placed. After that, the rhizome is evenly covered with earth. You can compact the soil a little and pour water on top. You can also lay a small layer of mulch on top.

The first crop can be harvested in four years.

Pecans are similar to walnuts in many external features. It has a similar shape, composition, the same climatic conditions are suitable for normal growth. Similar measures are required for planting and growing these varieties.

Popular varieties

Many different types of walnuts are grown in the CIS countries. Fruits with a thin shell and round shape are of great value. In Russia, there are more than 20 species of trees in the walnut family. They differ not only in appearance, but also in the chemical composition of the fruit. Some have more iodine and iron, some have vitamins B and E. We will tell you about the best varieties of walnuts.

"Ideal"

The early-growing walnut, which was bred by breeders in the middle XX century... Fruiting begins in the fifth year. The inflorescences form a small brush, where nuts will appear over time. The peculiarity of this variety is that it is able to bloom a second time already with a large number of ovaries on one cluster (10-15 fruits). The nuts are quite large.

In Russia, the variety has become popular because it is a frost-resistant walnut that can withstand temperatures below 30 degrees.

"Dessert"

This type of tree has a spreading crown, and the height usually reaches three meters. This is one of the most common varieties. This variety is intended for cultivation in the south of our country, since flower buds and wood of a tree are affected in severe frosts. In the fourth year after planting, the tree begins to bear fruit.

Having planted this walnut on your site, it will be possible to collect 20-25 kilograms of fruits.

"Abundant"

A tree of medium height (from 3 to 5 meters), begins fruiting processes at the 4th year of life. The variety does not tolerate frost, so it is best to plant it in the southern regions of the country. However, it is resistant to such common diseases as brown spot.

Fruits are formed in clusters - 3 pieces each. It sometimes happens that one bunch may contain 8 or more fruits. One tree is capable of producing good yield results - from 28 to 30 kg of fruits with an average kernel weight of 12 grams. This variety is popular due to its excellent taste.

"Aurora"

This variety belongs to the early maturing. The tree grows up to 6 meters in height. The first fruiting with proper care can be as early as the fourth year. An adult tree produces over 20 kilograms of nuts.

Black variety

Black walnut is a monoecious plant. It can reach a height of more than fifty meters. The leaves are feathery, very large. This variety has a specific balsamic smell. The first fruits may appear in the tenth year.

The fruit has a thick, fleshy skin. The kernel itself, when ripe, becomes dark, almost black in color. This nut contains a lot of vitamins, proteins, vegetable fats and oils. They are used not only for food, but also for the preparation of medicines, dietary supplements.

When growing black walnuts, choose well-lit areas without shade. The variety itself is resistant to frost, but the fruits must be harvested before they occur, otherwise they will die. Resistant to high humidity, and normally tolerates prolonged seasonal rains. It is advisable to choose the soil slightly alkaline, thoroughly loosen it before planting. To get a bigger crop, you need to provide protection from strong winds.

How to plant video

From the video you will learn how to plant a walnut tree in your area.