A capital thing, or the peculiarities of growing Moskvichka pears
Content
Breeding history and breeding region
The Muscovite was bred in the 1980s by breeders of the Timiryazev Moscow Agricultural Academy. Varietal samples were isolated from seedlings obtained from free pollination of the American Kieffer pear. Initially, the variety was bred for the Moscow region, and therefore received this name. Now it is included in the State Register of the Russian Federation and is recommended for cultivation throughout the middle lane.
Video "Vaccination, pruning and care of a pear"
In this video, you will learn how to properly vaccinate a pear, prune and care for a tree.
Description and characteristics of the variety
Let's consider the main characteristics of a pear.
The appearance of the tree and fruit
Moskvichka trees are compact and oversized. The height of an adult pear is about 4 m. The shape of the tree is standard, the crown is dense, well leafy, conical in adult trees, and columnar in young trees. The color of the trunk is gray, the skeletal branches and shoots have a lighter shade. Leaves are medium, oval, not pubescent, with small notches. The flowers are simple, white, collected in inflorescences of 5–7 pcs.
Fruits are not too large (120–130 g), but one-dimensional, beautifully even shape. The main color of the peel is greenish; as it ripens, it becomes light yellow, without a pronounced blush. The pulp is juicy, granular at the core, buttery and very aromatic. The taste is assessed as dessert, with a slight, subtle sourness.
Features of fruiting
Trees begin to bear fruit in 3-4 years. Pears ripen in September, which is why Moskvichka is classified as early autumn varieties. Since trees are self-fertile, they need pollinators to set fruit. The best pollinators for Moskvichka are pears with the same flowering period: Lyubimitsa Yakovleva, Marble, Lada.
Drought and winter hardiness
Moskvichka trees are quite resistant to frost and temperature extremes. The winter hardiness index of the variety is estimated as above average, therefore, in a temperate climate, these pears normally hibernate without shelter. In colder regions, it is advisable to mulch the trunk circle with manure and insulate the bole.
In terms of heat tolerance, mature trees are quite capable of surviving a short drought. Young seedlings, especially in the first year of planting, may die from extreme heat, so they need to be watered regularly and the soil should not dry out.
Yield indicators
The yield of the variety is good.A young tree is capable of producing 35–40 kg of harvest per season, increasing this figure with age. Of course, a lot depends on the weather and climate, but in general, in favorable conditions, up to 50 kg of fruits or 12-15 tons from 1 hectare of area can be harvested from an adult pear.
Collection and application of fruits
Moskvichka fruits ripen in mid-September. Their ripeness is determined by the yellowing of the skin over the entire surface. At this stage of ripeness, pears become oily and especially aromatic, but for storage it is recommended to pick them a little earlier, while the skin is still green. Indoors, they mature well in 1-2 weeks, after which they are stored for a couple of weeks.
In the basement, fruits can be stored for 4–6 weeks, and in the cold at temperatures no higher than +1 ° C - up to 3 months. Unripe pears are well transported, which allows them to be grown for sale. The purpose of pears is universal. They are excellent fresh, as part of desserts, suitable for any preparation.
Advantages and disadvantages of the variety
Like all fruit crops, Moskvichka has its own strengths and weaknesses.
- early (as for an autumn variety) ripening;
- early maturity;
- annual fruiting and high yield;
- excellent quality and presentation of fruits;
- dessert taste and rich aroma;
- possibility of transportation and long-term storage;
- good disease resistance.
- inability to self-pollinate;
- low drought resistance of young trees;
- average index of frost resistance.
Features of growing pears Moskvichka
For good yields, the pear must be properly planted and cared for.
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- Pear planting scheme
Landing rules
You can plant a pear both in spring and in autumn (October), however, autumn planting is preferable, since the seedling manages to get stronger by the cold. It is recommended to choose seedlings 1.5-2 years old, which have already formed a root system.
Planting holes are dug in advance, compost, peat, and a mineral complex are added. You should immediately think about planting pollinators. For good growth, a pear needs fertile soil and a lot of sun. Excess moisture is harmful to her, so planting in lowlands should be avoided.
Watering and feeding
Young trees are watered regularly, preventing the soil from drying out. After watering, it is necessary to loosen the near-trunk circle to a depth of 10-15 cm. If there is no precipitation, mature trees are watered before flowering, during the pouring of fruits and before wintering. Consumption for each tree - 3-4 buckets of water.
Top dressing begins to be applied from the second year of life. In spring - ammonium nitrate (15–20 g / 10 l of water), after flowering - organic matter, at the end of summer - a solution of superphosphate and potassium salt (20 g / per 10 l). For the winter, humus or peat can be laid around the pear.
Young trees that are not yet bearing fruit only need nitrogen fertilization. They get potassium and phosphorus from fertilizers applied during planting.
Crown formation and pruning
During the entire growing season, the tree needs pruning. The first - regulating - pruning is done immediately after planting. All small branches are cut out, and the skeletal ones are shortened by a third, so that the crown forms more quickly.
Further, every year the main shoots are pruned by a quarter. All small and weak branches are removed. These maintenance pruning is done every spring to rejuvenate and fall to increase yields. In addition, sanitary pruning is carried out regularly with the removal of dry and damaged branches.
Protection against diseases and pests
Moskvichka trees are rarely exposed to fungal diseases. For prophylaxis, it is recommended in the spring (before bud break) and in the fall (after leaf fall) to treat the crown with a Bordeaux mixture (1-3%), copper or iron vitriol. The procedure will also protect the tree from pests living in the bark.In the fall, it is necessary to remove all vegetation, dig up the trunk circle, and whitewash the stem. For healthy trees, these measures are usually sufficient.
Gardeners reviews
If you have not yet decided to plant this pear, gardeners' reviews will help you make the right decision.
I have been growing Moskvichka for over 10 years, and I can say that this is the best fruit tree in my garden. The harvest is annual, the fruits are very tasty and are stored until winter
I was looking for a good pear, and they advised me to Moskvichka. I am very pleased, the fruits are sweet and oily, as we love. It grows next to Yakovleva's favorite, the yield is excellent every year
Among the many pears I like this one the most. There is always a harvest, we have time to make preparations and save for the winter. The taste is excellent
Without a doubt, this pear is perfect for growing in private gardens. Within 3 years, without significant costs, she will give the first harvest, which will increase over the years and delight the family with delicious fruits.